Environmental History Of The Oceans And Seas - 1692 Words

Environmental history of the oceans and seas are daunting topics, either because of the vastness of the oceans and seas, the artificial boundaries, or their seemingly changelessness. Until about 1990, with Arthur McEvoy’s The Fisherman’s Problem: Ecology and the Law in California Fisheries, 1850-1980, historians largely ignored marine ecosystems as areas of research. Focusing instead on inland fisheries, environmental historians have still had to be â€Å"exhorted†¦ to embrace this opportunity† of expanding the discourse of human impacts on marine environments. Scientists, anthropologists, archeologists, and historical ecologists have thus far dominated the production of knowledge concerning historical and current marine ecosystems. In†¦show more content†¦Through a compilation of scholars, Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems attempts to show how human disturbance of marine ecosystems in ancient populations. Ranging from Caribbean, North Amer ican Pacific, North Atlantic, and Mediterranean, Human Impacts examines archeological and historical ecological data and case studies from â€Å"around the world to summarize the history of human coastal occupation, environmental change, and human impacts in their area.† Similarly, in Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems, Jeremy Jackson et al. highlights through paleoecological, archeological, and historical data that aboriginals extensively fished coastal ecosystems, resulting in damaged ecosystems. Through the use of archeological and historical data, these scholars challenge the â€Å"supposedly superior ecological wisdom of non-Western and precolonial societies.† These scholars highlight the damages and exploitation of early human societies on marine ecosystems. However, the data surrounding aboriginal impacts on early marine ecosystems is scarce resulting in fewer scholarly articles on the subject. Beginning in

Plato s Republic, And His Sun Analogy - 1601 Words

In this essay I will attempt to illustrate the role of the Form of the Good in regards to other Forms and knowledge as the highest form, and a unifying force. Particular emphasis will be placed on Socrates’ discussion of it in The Republic, and his sun analogy. I will argue that its epistemological role is perhaps most convincing, as the other two fall to a number of criticisms. Other criticisms will be offered, including how vague the theory is, and those offered by Aristotle in particular. The Form of the Good is notoriously ambiguous, in that it is difficult to pin down precisely what it is. In Plato’s Republic, through the character of Socrates, we see an attempt to describe what the Form of the Good is, or, at the very least, some general idea of its nature. After stating that philosophers make the best rulers to his interlocutor, Glaucon, he establishes the way to distinguish philosophers from non-philosophers. Philosophers can pick out non-sensible properties of a Form (eg beauty), as opposed to the non-sensible particulars of a thing (such as a beautiful vase). However, Socrates makes it clear that the most important thing for a philosopher king is the knowledge of the Form of the Good. While there are many other Forms, the Good is ultimately superlative in that it is the highest or most superior. Socrates states that it has three key roles. An: †¢ Ontological role: ‘all other things become useful and advantageous only by their use of’ the Form of the Good †¢Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Sun, Line, And Cave 1163 Words   |  5 PagesTalcott Ancient Philosophy 5 December 2014 Consistency in the Sun, Line, and Cave Plato’s theory of the Forms showcases that acquiring knowledge involves turning away from the world of senses and moving towards the Forms/world of intellect. Within Plato’s Republic there are three analogies: the sun, line, and cave, which are intended to clarify how things experienced in the sensible world are less real than the Forms. All three analogies are consistent through their descriptions of the differencesRead MoreWhy the Philospher Should Rule (Plato)1708 Words   |  7 Pages1) (From the Republic Book VII) WHY SHOULD THE PHILOSOPHER RULE? EXPLAIN WHY HE IS BEST SUITED TO RULE AND EXPLAIN 2) WHY IT IS A DILEMMA FOR HE TO CHOOSE TO RULE. WHY DOES HE HAVE TO BE COMPELLED AND WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE COMPULSION? 3) BE SURE TO COMMENT ON HOW THIS QUESTION IS RELATED TO THE ANSWER PLATO ATTEMPTS TO CONSTRUCT TO GLAUCONS CHALLENGE? Part 1 In Plato’s Republic, Plato sets out to prove that it is always better to be just than unjust. Doing so requires him to lookRead More plato Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesopulently describes beneficial metaphors and elaborate imagery about knowledge, ignorance, truth and lastly enlightenment. The allegory of the cave appears at the beginning of Book VII of Plato’s The Republic, which in itself is principally a study of justice, government and leadership. In The Republic, Plato describes a cave containing individuals confined to the cave floor, bound by shackles. They are unable to move their heads and stare incessantly at the cave wall directly in front of them. The prisonersRead MoreThe Many Types Of Leaders Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful in many different situations. Philosophers Plato, Cicero, and Machiavelli all lived during different time periods and had different ideology in what the best way was to rule. Although they bear similarities, there are many differences between the philosophers. In The Republic of Plato, Socrates discusses leadership in which he says,†And let’s dare to say this: philosophers must be established as the most precise guardians. (Republic 503B). As you can see here Socrates explains thatRead MoreThe Myth Of The Cave1391 Words   |  6 Pagesworld and attempt to clarify the sensations that we feel. Plato a renowned philosopher and student to Socrates had his own theories when it came to metaphysics. Plato believed that the world we perceive is a mere copy of an even greater reality that can only be unlocked by ideas and not material objects perceived as mentioned in his Theory of Forms. The â€Å"Myth of the Cave† is a story told by Socrates to Glaucon in Plato’s novel the Republic in Book 7, Section 7. The story starts with Socrates introducingRead MoreEssay on Plato on the Existence of Negative Forms4235 Words   |  17 PagesPlato on the Existence of Negative Forms The question of the origin and nature of evil in the world has preoccupied philosophers throughout history. The ancient philosopher Plato does not directly address this question in his writings, but it can be argued that the logic of his theory of forms demands the existence of forms that are negative in meaning, such as the evil and the bad. When discussing his theory of imitation, Plato alludes to the principle that whenever there areRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1307 Words   |  6 Pagessee the world and feel the heat of the sun. The prisoner has never seen the sun or the colors of the world so once he steps outside; the sun hurts his eyes, and burns his skin. He eventually acclimates, and is able to enjoy everything. Plato uses an Allegory with the relationship between the darkness of the cave and everything that the world has to offer. Plato believed that the human mind has the capability to recognize the ‘ideal forms.’ Plato uses the sun and som ething good and positive whereasRead MoreThe Theory Used By Epicurus1078 Words   |  5 Pagesperson to person depending on countless variables. This question particularly interested the philosophers Plato and Epicurus. Although both men had fully rational, valid, and interesting takes on the idea of goodness, my argument is that Epicurus’ ideology- in my opinion- is the most reasonable answer. In this essay, I will begin by explaining Epicurus’ hedonistic view, I will then explain why Plato dissents, and then I will finish off by explaining why I believe Epicurus’ idea is more reasonable. Read MorePlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1826 Words   |  8 Pages Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, pupil of Socrates, mentor of Aristotle and founder of the Academy, most famous for his philosophical works that played a major role in laying the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato’s work is a source of inestimable value since Socrates did not leave any material record behind but some of his ideas were put down by his mentee, Plato. However, Plato added a handful of his own philosophy and it is a difficult challenge for historians to ascertain who theRead More Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic4973 Words   |  20 PagesResearching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic ABSTRACT: Though Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, What is education?, few argue that he is uninterested in the subject; after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher. In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The eduction of the guardian class and the allegory of the cave present two landmark pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift

Machiavellian Perception of Reality Essay examples

Machiavellian Perception of Reality Introduction Written almost five centuries ago during Italy’s era of fractious chaos, Niccolo Machiavelli’s, The Prince became the â€Å"How-To† book for the effective acquisition, governance, and retainment of power over principalities. Within the pages of this political treatise, Machiavelli duly explains the qualities of a successful prince. However, he also explains how the importance of these very qualities affect the prince’s public image and reputation and how these play a vital role in the retention of power while keeping others from conspiring and rising against him. The ideal prince should be virtuous in that in that he should be â€Å"merciful, faithful, humane, religious and upright†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦A respectable reputation is necessary since it parallels public image. The people will judge everything the prince publically says and does, which will then become his perceived reputation by those very people. â€Å"For this reason a prince ought to take care that he never lets anything slip from his lips that is not replete with the above-named five qualities, that he may appear to him who see and hears him altogether merciful, faithful, humane, upright, and religious. There is nothing more necessary to appear to have than this last quality, inasmuch as men judge generally more by the eye than by the hand, because it belongs to everybody to see you, to few to come in touch with you. Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and those few dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who have the majesty of the state to defend them; and in the actions of all men, and especially of princes, which it is not prudent to challenge, one judges by the result† (Machiavelli, Chapter XVIII, 2012). Machiavelli also confronts the reputational risks and concern of liberality and meanness. With liberality, the prince generally leaves the people alone mostly tax-free. Unfortunately, the more generously the prince gives, the poorer he will inevitably become. Thus, he creates the necessity of taxing the people, which fosters resentment among the people. However, Machiavelli states that it is better for the prince to be considered a miserShow MoreRelatedNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1699 Words   |  7 PagesFrom describing world leaders to political antiheroes in television dramas, characterizing someone as a â€Å"Machiavellian figure† is perceived more as derisive description than an accurate representation of that person’s philosophical views of power. This popular depiction is due to Niccolo Machiavelli’s harsh portrayal of the interlaced relationship between power and politics in his treatise, The Prince. Machiavelli begins his work by contending that it is â€Å"more effective† to reveal the â€Å"practicalRead MoreEssay about Machiavellian Concepts on the Use of Fear 1059 Words   |  5 Pagesfea r is the prince’s tool and his alone. â€Å"†¦men love at their own free will but fear at the will of the prince†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Politicians throughout history have used fear tactics with varying degrees of success. For the purpose of my argument I will compare Machiavellian concepts on the use of fear with contemporary examples to prove its benefits particularly in the consolidation of power and promotion of obedience. Machiavelli went to great lengths in his writing to outline rules governing the use of fear.Read MoreArgument Favor Of Establishing A Positive Culture1408 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual is only ever recognized for their mistakes, then it will not take long for that individual to see themselves as only making a negative contribution. They may begin to perceive themselves as a failure. In the world we live in your perception is your reality. If you perceive yourself as a failure you tend to behave as such to meet the expectation set of you. When managers create a negative culture they are effectively setting up their subordinates for failure. In contrast, when managers makeRead MoreClassical Realism Vs. Marxism1544 Words   |  7 Pagesowing Realism its theoretical endurance. Thucydides imparted the standard to which centuries of emerging Realists would adhere: write â€Å"not to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time† (1972, p. 21). The Classical Realist perception of human nature finds its roots in and is perhaps best illustrated by its Renaissance pioneers – Thomas Hobbes and Niccolà ² Machiavelli. Machiavelli held that humans, in their natural state, were guided by a combination of wealth and free will (2000Read MoreMy Leadership Skills At An Early Age2824 Words   |  12 Pagesaligns with their goals. Self-Identity: A Parent, or a Person who Parents Nothing forces someone towards introspection more than countless nights spent trying to no avail to comfort a crying baby while the rest of world is happily sleeping. The reality that I was not a natural born mother and also that I didn’t particularly enjoy every moment of it was not only a surprise, but was deeply disturbing to me. Societal pressures around the meaning of motherhood that came from my parents, my spouse, theRead MoreSemiotics And Semiology : Semiotics1601 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferentiate between one’s own reality (dream or non-dream) and another person’s dream world . Its essence as a signifier of the mental construct of reality and illusion (the signified) plays a vital role in communication in the film. Similar to the examples provided before, totems are viable due to the mutual agreement formed regarding its functionality – its physical characteristics are designed by the owner to discretely behave abnormally in their own reality (dream or non-dream). Cobb possessesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie House Of Cards 1448 Words   |  6 Pagesseason 2. The show itself represents a critical and cynical look at US politics. This is further proven by the fact that Frank Underwood thrives in this system. The main critiques of the system come from the importance of the media and how public perception is a driving force in influencing politics, with many scandals making or breaking various politicians throughout the show. Another criticism is how modern politics has turned into its own version of Theater. Also, the show criticizes the lack ofRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesby Lady Macbeth’s devious manipulations. Macbeth’s wife is more ruthless and ambitious than her husband. Her Machiavellian approach kept Macbeth on track towards the ultimate goal to the throne. Over and over again she questioned his manhood as if bravery has a direct link to murder. She even stated that she was willing to kill he r own baby to get what she wants. Such a graphic perception of the extent to which she would go was enough to push through all of Macbeth’s moral red lines. The manipulativeRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince Of Princes During The Florentine Republic1733 Words   |  7 Pages Machiavellian, nowadays, is a synonym for someone that is cruel and self-interested. While in reality, Niccolà ² Machiavelli, a counsellor of Princes during the Florentine Republic, was one of the greatest defenders of people’s liberty and political self-determination. He is depicted in such erroneous ways because his amoral and realist point of view was extremely controversial during the time he lived. Yet, the writer always defended the people and their interests as a whole. As mentioned beforeRead MoreNiccolà ² Machiavellis Acquisition of Power Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentative of Renaissance thinkers in his perception of government. No longer was government seen as an institution granted by God but rather governments were largely becoming arrangements or contracts between those that govern and the governed. Thinkers from Aristotle to Francis Bacon would expound on this idea of a social contract, but none would exemplify the realism and ruthlessness of modern politics like Machiavelli. While the word Machiavellian has become part of our lexicon as a term

A renewable energy sourcewind power Essay Example For Students

A renewable energy source:wind power Essay For many years, people have been harnessing the power of wind. Wind propelled boats down water and simple windmills were used to pump water and grind grain. But credit goes to the Dutch who refined windmills so that they could drain swamps and lakes, and in the 19th century, settlers took this concept with them to the New World. There, windmills were used to pump water for farms and ranches, and later to generate electricity for homes and industry purposes. Industrialization caused a decrease in the use of wind power, but also began the development of larger windmills to produce electricity. The result, commonly called wind turbines, could have been found in Denmark as early as the 1890s. Today, wind energy is very popular in the U.S., Spain, Denmark, and India but is mostly used in Germany. Thanks to technological advances, wind energy is the fastest growing energy source in the world. Wind power is safe for the environment and does not produce any atmospheric emission or greenhouse gases. Since wind depends on the sun, it is a form of solar energy. As long as the sun shines, there can be wind power, making it unlimited. Wind energy is one of the lowest priced energy sources, costing 4 to 6 U.S. cents per kilowatt hour. Since the 80s, prices have dropped drastically because of technology advancement. However, despite these fair prices, wind plants require a higher initial investment than leading energy sources because of the technology required for them. Which brings us to the drawbacks of wind power as an alternative energy source. Wind is intermittent, and does not always blow when electricity is needed. It can only be stored if you use a battery, but that is more expensive and reduces the environmental benefits of wind power. Another flaw is the location of wind plants. Most good wind sites are in rural areas, a long way from cities where electricity is most needed. Some minor, yet controversial problems include the noise that turbines create, aesthetic problems (views) and birds that die from flying into the propellers of the turbines. But fortunately, most of these problems have either been greatly reduced or resolved because of scientific advances. Flaws are being worked out constantly. You can find wind plants in windy places- areas near the water or valleys. Most people think that turbines block out and conceal the natural beauty of the places they are in, but I personally think that seeing the imposing, lean towers topped off with two or three long, swift blades is breathtaking. Since most wind power plants have many windmills, they look like giants lined up together. The fossil fuels we depend on today should be rationed. It is limited and pollutes the environment. Using renewable energy sources like wind power means that we can conserve oil, natural gas, and coal and instead use something environment friendly. I think that people should think of tomorrow and invest in wind energy.