Discussion on Evidence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conversation on Evidence Law - Essay Example Proof must adjust to specific principles so as to be acceptable. At the preliminary of A, witness W1 demonstrated that An and someone else was seen bundling white powder. Witness W2 demonstrated that A was heard advising to somebody that B and A future selling stuff in a couple of months. W1 again affirmed that An and B met H out traveling to Sydney who sold amphetamines and needed An and B to sell these in Canberra. W2 further affirmed that An and B were seen infusing amphetamines. So the proof for the cases can be summed up as follows: 2. W1 - seen An and B out traveling to Sydney where they met H who sells amphetamines and approached An and B for associations. This proof might be important as it gives as clear lead that An and B were having marketable strategies with H who sells amphetamines Here a portion of the components of proof are rejected as things 3 and 1. As indicated by the proof given here, it might be proposed that different things of proof are applicable as the realities of the issue are pretty much likely (find in Odgers, 2004). Proof that on four sequential days in February 2005 A bought bundles of 'Polecat' brand pseudoephedrine to an aggregate of twenty parcels from three scientists in different Canberra rural areas. It is acknowledged that pseudoephedrine is a center constituent of amphetamines. EFTPOS records demonstrating that different bits of device which can... 4. W2 - seen An and B utilizing and infusing amphetamines. This is an important proof as it proposes that An and B were habituated with the employments of amphetamines. The proof is solid against An and B who are associated with selling and empowering the utilization of opiates that is illicit and seriously rebuffed. Here a portion of the components of proof are prohibited as things 3 and 1. As indicated by the proof given here, it might be proposed that different things of proof are important as the realities of the issue are pretty much likely (find in Odgers, 2004). QUESTION 2 (10 MARKS) The arraignment will look to lead the accompanying proof at the preliminary of A: Proof that on four successive days in February 2005 A bought bundles of 'Polecat' brand pseudoephedrine to a sum of twenty parcels from three scientific experts in different Canberra rural areas. It is acknowledged that pseudoephedrine is a center constituent of amphetamines. EFTPOS records indicating that different bits of contraption which can be utilized in the creation of amphetamines and which intently look like, yet are not recognizable as, a portion of the things found in C's premises were bought from a distributer in Sydney utilizing An's EFTPOS card on December 13 2004. Proof from an observer, W3 who worked at the distributer's Sydney premises, that J, with whom A has been living in an accepted relationship for certain years, was the individual who bought the things. EFTPOS records demonstrating that An's EFTPOS card was utilized to buy petroleum in Sydney on five events in November and December 2004 remembering for December 13 2004. Proof from an observer, W4, that A constantly gave J his EFTPOS card to utilize. Is this proof permissible and if so on what

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Workmanship - Essay Example It makes people draw out the state of an item and the perspective and the article decide shape. As people changes their perspective on the article, the form additionally changes Option 1: Blind Contour To expand about my appearance, I went to the second floor of my gallery where I singled out the scene I needed to have a visually impaired shape. I was having a great deal of data, which I could see, as it contained staffs parking areas just as private houses. I watched the nature and the settlement of the area, which gave me knowledge data of what I ought to think about drawing. I ventured outside with my drawing brush and I needed to enhance with Photoshop what I was seeing. I didn't having enough data on the best way to try and enhance with Photoshop the photos I was seeing . It was troublesome yet not feasible utilizing my arm to help the drawing. On the off chance that I needed to move my hand, I would have easily since I was set up to do the drawing, as it was a piece of my group . As much as I was adaptable and needed to think of a theoretical figure, I needed to keep the standards and be attentive on what it involves. Something I envisioned was never to move my arm when bowing. It was the primary mentality to defeat to empower my hand to be free and for simple development. I was not controlling my bow and I was just controlling my drawing apparatuses. During my initials stages, I was frustrated in light of the fact that the pictures I drew were little and they didn't consider what I needed to have. My drawing concentrated on the change of the sky and the trees. I took unmistakable fascination on the kind of trees, the examples of their trunk and methods of their droppings. On the structures, I needed to review the siding and the plants that became close to them. As I saw on the Far East, there were around 6 trees in the closer view. I had the propensity of recollecting what was in nature, which comprised of the phone posts and darken subtleties. At the poi nt when I settled to drawing, I turned to daze shape as I cherished it and it was a piece of the guidelines front the speaker. I didn't take a gander at the paper and I needed to attract the article front of me. My experience during this drawing was that regardless of what I managed without taking a gander at the paper, it looked marvelous. This is a direct result of the condition wherein I drew the article; it was extremely satisfying to come out with as ketch as it is additionally not something very similar when you know precisely what you are doing. It was brimming with shock coming out with a figure taking after what I was seeing. All through the image, I would move my hands all through the paper as I recollect the subtleties of what I was seeing. I could feel the paper edge however I at first had no clue comparable to that. My eyes were generally open as I was taking a gander at what I was drawing, it was beneficial for me to think of such an attracting inferable from the visua lly impaired shape I was occupied with. Coming up next is the main picture I came out with. Choice 2: Detail Reduction I picked the picture, followed it source on a plain paper, and accompanied a total creation like the one appeared in the figure underneath. I picked the item since I am infatuated with nature all the more so creatures. It was enticing to follow on the grounds that my hand couldn't without much of a stretch proceed onward the paper as it could move away from the paper. It was a nice sentiment following the pictures since it offered direction since I was uniquely to follow the laid structure and the design. This was so natural and I could see the picture I was following coming out. In any case, I was not generally aware of

Nursing Essay Help - How to Get Started Writing a Nursing Essay

Nursing Essay Help - How to Get Started Writing a Nursing EssayWhether you're getting on in years or just not feeling up to writing a nursing essay, you'll probably need to get some good nursing essay help. After all, a writing assignment can take time, so it's good to be able to get your thinking caps on. Here are a few tips for taking on this project.Most textbooks will have information about writing nursing essays. Of course, you don't want to plagiarize! So try to remember to check the appropriate sources before you start.Look over the textbook cover. Is it clear and colorful? Does it give a good illustration of the topic? Does it allow you to build a storyline? Even if the textbook is a little old, it can still work for your particular needs.Make sure to write the essay before the time you're actually going to do it. You don't want to arrive at your computer tired and have to wait until the last minute to do it. Even if you feel very good about what you've written, chances are i t may not be perfect. Before starting to write, figure out where you'll be staying the night before.Determine who's going to read the essay and what time of day it's going to be done. If you're at home, you should keep it at night, when nobody else is around. If you're going to be in class, give yourself extra time and make sure you're alone. Sometimes the best way to do this is to schedule a 'quiet' hour, or sometimes you can try to cram your idea into a small period of time.If you need to have a completely different idea for your essay, that's fine. You just have to be sure to record this and to keep track of your schedule. If you have a deadline coming up, then get ready. Use the nursing essay help to help you make the deadline, so you can begin writing the real thing.Do your research before beginning the essay. Find out what people think about nursing professionals, and learn how they feel about the profession. Nursing essay help is invaluable here. Even if it takes you a little longer to find out what people think, you will likely end up being much more knowledgeable than you were before.Write an essay today. Take advantage of the resources available. It might be the difference between success and failure.

Environmental History Of The Oceans And Seas - 1692 Words

Environmental history of the oceans and seas are daunting topics, either because of the vastness of the oceans and seas, the artificial boundaries, or their seemingly changelessness. Until about 1990, with Arthur McEvoy’s The Fisherman’s Problem: Ecology and the Law in California Fisheries, 1850-1980, historians largely ignored marine ecosystems as areas of research. Focusing instead on inland fisheries, environmental historians have still had to be â€Å"exhorted†¦ to embrace this opportunity† of expanding the discourse of human impacts on marine environments. Scientists, anthropologists, archeologists, and historical ecologists have thus far dominated the production of knowledge concerning historical and current marine ecosystems. In†¦show more content†¦Through a compilation of scholars, Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems attempts to show how human disturbance of marine ecosystems in ancient populations. Ranging from Caribbean, North Amer ican Pacific, North Atlantic, and Mediterranean, Human Impacts examines archeological and historical ecological data and case studies from â€Å"around the world to summarize the history of human coastal occupation, environmental change, and human impacts in their area.† Similarly, in Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems, Jeremy Jackson et al. highlights through paleoecological, archeological, and historical data that aboriginals extensively fished coastal ecosystems, resulting in damaged ecosystems. Through the use of archeological and historical data, these scholars challenge the â€Å"supposedly superior ecological wisdom of non-Western and precolonial societies.† These scholars highlight the damages and exploitation of early human societies on marine ecosystems. However, the data surrounding aboriginal impacts on early marine ecosystems is scarce resulting in fewer scholarly articles on the subject. Beginning in

Plato s Republic, And His Sun Analogy - 1601 Words

In this essay I will attempt to illustrate the role of the Form of the Good in regards to other Forms and knowledge as the highest form, and a unifying force. Particular emphasis will be placed on Socrates’ discussion of it in The Republic, and his sun analogy. I will argue that its epistemological role is perhaps most convincing, as the other two fall to a number of criticisms. Other criticisms will be offered, including how vague the theory is, and those offered by Aristotle in particular. The Form of the Good is notoriously ambiguous, in that it is difficult to pin down precisely what it is. In Plato’s Republic, through the character of Socrates, we see an attempt to describe what the Form of the Good is, or, at the very least, some general idea of its nature. After stating that philosophers make the best rulers to his interlocutor, Glaucon, he establishes the way to distinguish philosophers from non-philosophers. Philosophers can pick out non-sensible properties of a Form (eg beauty), as opposed to the non-sensible particulars of a thing (such as a beautiful vase). However, Socrates makes it clear that the most important thing for a philosopher king is the knowledge of the Form of the Good. While there are many other Forms, the Good is ultimately superlative in that it is the highest or most superior. Socrates states that it has three key roles. An: †¢ Ontological role: ‘all other things become useful and advantageous only by their use of’ the Form of the Good †¢Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Sun, Line, And Cave 1163 Words   |  5 PagesTalcott Ancient Philosophy 5 December 2014 Consistency in the Sun, Line, and Cave Plato’s theory of the Forms showcases that acquiring knowledge involves turning away from the world of senses and moving towards the Forms/world of intellect. Within Plato’s Republic there are three analogies: the sun, line, and cave, which are intended to clarify how things experienced in the sensible world are less real than the Forms. All three analogies are consistent through their descriptions of the differencesRead MoreWhy the Philospher Should Rule (Plato)1708 Words   |  7 Pages1) (From the Republic Book VII) WHY SHOULD THE PHILOSOPHER RULE? EXPLAIN WHY HE IS BEST SUITED TO RULE AND EXPLAIN 2) WHY IT IS A DILEMMA FOR HE TO CHOOSE TO RULE. WHY DOES HE HAVE TO BE COMPELLED AND WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE COMPULSION? 3) BE SURE TO COMMENT ON HOW THIS QUESTION IS RELATED TO THE ANSWER PLATO ATTEMPTS TO CONSTRUCT TO GLAUCONS CHALLENGE? Part 1 In Plato’s Republic, Plato sets out to prove that it is always better to be just than unjust. Doing so requires him to lookRead More plato Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesopulently describes beneficial metaphors and elaborate imagery about knowledge, ignorance, truth and lastly enlightenment. The allegory of the cave appears at the beginning of Book VII of Plato’s The Republic, which in itself is principally a study of justice, government and leadership. In The Republic, Plato describes a cave containing individuals confined to the cave floor, bound by shackles. They are unable to move their heads and stare incessantly at the cave wall directly in front of them. The prisonersRead MoreThe Many Types Of Leaders Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful in many different situations. Philosophers Plato, Cicero, and Machiavelli all lived during different time periods and had different ideology in what the best way was to rule. Although they bear similarities, there are many differences between the philosophers. In The Republic of Plato, Socrates discusses leadership in which he says,†And let’s dare to say this: philosophers must be established as the most precise guardians. (Republic 503B). As you can see here Socrates explains thatRead MoreThe Myth Of The Cave1391 Words   |  6 Pagesworld and attempt to clarify the sensations that we feel. Plato a renowned philosopher and student to Socrates had his own theories when it came to metaphysics. Plato believed that the world we perceive is a mere copy of an even greater reality that can only be unlocked by ideas and not material objects perceived as mentioned in his Theory of Forms. The â€Å"Myth of the Cave† is a story told by Socrates to Glaucon in Plato’s novel the Republic in Book 7, Section 7. The story starts with Socrates introducingRead MoreEssay on Plato on the Existence of Negative Forms4235 Words   |  17 PagesPlato on the Existence of Negative Forms The question of the origin and nature of evil in the world has preoccupied philosophers throughout history. The ancient philosopher Plato does not directly address this question in his writings, but it can be argued that the logic of his theory of forms demands the existence of forms that are negative in meaning, such as the evil and the bad. When discussing his theory of imitation, Plato alludes to the principle that whenever there areRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1307 Words   |  6 Pagessee the world and feel the heat of the sun. The prisoner has never seen the sun or the colors of the world so once he steps outside; the sun hurts his eyes, and burns his skin. He eventually acclimates, and is able to enjoy everything. Plato uses an Allegory with the relationship between the darkness of the cave and everything that the world has to offer. Plato believed that the human mind has the capability to recognize the ‘ideal forms.’ Plato uses the sun and som ething good and positive whereasRead MoreThe Theory Used By Epicurus1078 Words   |  5 Pagesperson to person depending on countless variables. This question particularly interested the philosophers Plato and Epicurus. Although both men had fully rational, valid, and interesting takes on the idea of goodness, my argument is that Epicurus’ ideology- in my opinion- is the most reasonable answer. In this essay, I will begin by explaining Epicurus’ hedonistic view, I will then explain why Plato dissents, and then I will finish off by explaining why I believe Epicurus’ idea is more reasonable. Read MorePlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1826 Words   |  8 Pages Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, pupil of Socrates, mentor of Aristotle and founder of the Academy, most famous for his philosophical works that played a major role in laying the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato’s work is a source of inestimable value since Socrates did not leave any material record behind but some of his ideas were put down by his mentee, Plato. However, Plato added a handful of his own philosophy and it is a difficult challenge for historians to ascertain who theRead More Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic4973 Words   |  20 PagesResearching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic ABSTRACT: Though Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, What is education?, few argue that he is uninterested in the subject; after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher. In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The eduction of the guardian class and the allegory of the cave present two landmark pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift

Machiavellian Perception of Reality Essay examples

Machiavellian Perception of Reality Introduction Written almost five centuries ago during Italy’s era of fractious chaos, Niccolo Machiavelli’s, The Prince became the â€Å"How-To† book for the effective acquisition, governance, and retainment of power over principalities. Within the pages of this political treatise, Machiavelli duly explains the qualities of a successful prince. However, he also explains how the importance of these very qualities affect the prince’s public image and reputation and how these play a vital role in the retention of power while keeping others from conspiring and rising against him. The ideal prince should be virtuous in that in that he should be â€Å"merciful, faithful, humane, religious and upright†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦A respectable reputation is necessary since it parallels public image. The people will judge everything the prince publically says and does, which will then become his perceived reputation by those very people. â€Å"For this reason a prince ought to take care that he never lets anything slip from his lips that is not replete with the above-named five qualities, that he may appear to him who see and hears him altogether merciful, faithful, humane, upright, and religious. There is nothing more necessary to appear to have than this last quality, inasmuch as men judge generally more by the eye than by the hand, because it belongs to everybody to see you, to few to come in touch with you. Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and those few dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who have the majesty of the state to defend them; and in the actions of all men, and especially of princes, which it is not prudent to challenge, one judges by the result† (Machiavelli, Chapter XVIII, 2012). Machiavelli also confronts the reputational risks and concern of liberality and meanness. With liberality, the prince generally leaves the people alone mostly tax-free. Unfortunately, the more generously the prince gives, the poorer he will inevitably become. Thus, he creates the necessity of taxing the people, which fosters resentment among the people. However, Machiavelli states that it is better for the prince to be considered a miserShow MoreRelatedNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1699 Words   |  7 PagesFrom describing world leaders to political antiheroes in television dramas, characterizing someone as a â€Å"Machiavellian figure† is perceived more as derisive description than an accurate representation of that person’s philosophical views of power. This popular depiction is due to Niccolo Machiavelli’s harsh portrayal of the interlaced relationship between power and politics in his treatise, The Prince. Machiavelli begins his work by contending that it is â€Å"more effective† to reveal the â€Å"practicalRead MoreEssay about Machiavellian Concepts on the Use of Fear 1059 Words   |  5 Pagesfea r is the prince’s tool and his alone. â€Å"†¦men love at their own free will but fear at the will of the prince†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Politicians throughout history have used fear tactics with varying degrees of success. For the purpose of my argument I will compare Machiavellian concepts on the use of fear with contemporary examples to prove its benefits particularly in the consolidation of power and promotion of obedience. Machiavelli went to great lengths in his writing to outline rules governing the use of fear.Read MoreArgument Favor Of Establishing A Positive Culture1408 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual is only ever recognized for their mistakes, then it will not take long for that individual to see themselves as only making a negative contribution. They may begin to perceive themselves as a failure. In the world we live in your perception is your reality. If you perceive yourself as a failure you tend to behave as such to meet the expectation set of you. When managers create a negative culture they are effectively setting up their subordinates for failure. In contrast, when managers makeRead MoreClassical Realism Vs. Marxism1544 Words   |  7 Pagesowing Realism its theoretical endurance. Thucydides imparted the standard to which centuries of emerging Realists would adhere: write â€Å"not to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time† (1972, p. 21). The Classical Realist perception of human nature finds its roots in and is perhaps best illustrated by its Renaissance pioneers – Thomas Hobbes and Niccolà ² Machiavelli. Machiavelli held that humans, in their natural state, were guided by a combination of wealth and free will (2000Read MoreMy Leadership Skills At An Early Age2824 Words   |  12 Pagesaligns with their goals. Self-Identity: A Parent, or a Person who Parents Nothing forces someone towards introspection more than countless nights spent trying to no avail to comfort a crying baby while the rest of world is happily sleeping. The reality that I was not a natural born mother and also that I didn’t particularly enjoy every moment of it was not only a surprise, but was deeply disturbing to me. Societal pressures around the meaning of motherhood that came from my parents, my spouse, theRead MoreSemiotics And Semiology : Semiotics1601 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferentiate between one’s own reality (dream or non-dream) and another person’s dream world . Its essence as a signifier of the mental construct of reality and illusion (the signified) plays a vital role in communication in the film. Similar to the examples provided before, totems are viable due to the mutual agreement formed regarding its functionality – its physical characteristics are designed by the owner to discretely behave abnormally in their own reality (dream or non-dream). Cobb possessesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie House Of Cards 1448 Words   |  6 Pagesseason 2. The show itself represents a critical and cynical look at US politics. This is further proven by the fact that Frank Underwood thrives in this system. The main critiques of the system come from the importance of the media and how public perception is a driving force in influencing politics, with many scandals making or breaking various politicians throughout the show. Another criticism is how modern politics has turned into its own version of Theater. Also, the show criticizes the lack ofRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesby Lady Macbeth’s devious manipulations. Macbeth’s wife is more ruthless and ambitious than her husband. Her Machiavellian approach kept Macbeth on track towards the ultimate goal to the throne. Over and over again she questioned his manhood as if bravery has a direct link to murder. She even stated that she was willing to kill he r own baby to get what she wants. Such a graphic perception of the extent to which she would go was enough to push through all of Macbeth’s moral red lines. The manipulativeRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince Of Princes During The Florentine Republic1733 Words   |  7 Pages Machiavellian, nowadays, is a synonym for someone that is cruel and self-interested. While in reality, Niccolà ² Machiavelli, a counsellor of Princes during the Florentine Republic, was one of the greatest defenders of people’s liberty and political self-determination. He is depicted in such erroneous ways because his amoral and realist point of view was extremely controversial during the time he lived. Yet, the writer always defended the people and their interests as a whole. As mentioned beforeRead MoreNiccolà ² Machiavellis Acquisition of Power Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentative of Renaissance thinkers in his perception of government. No longer was government seen as an institution granted by God but rather governments were largely becoming arrangements or contracts between those that govern and the governed. Thinkers from Aristotle to Francis Bacon would expound on this idea of a social contract, but none would exemplify the realism and ruthlessness of modern politics like Machiavelli. While the word Machiavellian has become part of our lexicon as a term

A renewable energy sourcewind power Essay Example For Students

A renewable energy source:wind power Essay For many years, people have been harnessing the power of wind. Wind propelled boats down water and simple windmills were used to pump water and grind grain. But credit goes to the Dutch who refined windmills so that they could drain swamps and lakes, and in the 19th century, settlers took this concept with them to the New World. There, windmills were used to pump water for farms and ranches, and later to generate electricity for homes and industry purposes. Industrialization caused a decrease in the use of wind power, but also began the development of larger windmills to produce electricity. The result, commonly called wind turbines, could have been found in Denmark as early as the 1890s. Today, wind energy is very popular in the U.S., Spain, Denmark, and India but is mostly used in Germany. Thanks to technological advances, wind energy is the fastest growing energy source in the world. Wind power is safe for the environment and does not produce any atmospheric emission or greenhouse gases. Since wind depends on the sun, it is a form of solar energy. As long as the sun shines, there can be wind power, making it unlimited. Wind energy is one of the lowest priced energy sources, costing 4 to 6 U.S. cents per kilowatt hour. Since the 80s, prices have dropped drastically because of technology advancement. However, despite these fair prices, wind plants require a higher initial investment than leading energy sources because of the technology required for them. Which brings us to the drawbacks of wind power as an alternative energy source. Wind is intermittent, and does not always blow when electricity is needed. It can only be stored if you use a battery, but that is more expensive and reduces the environmental benefits of wind power. Another flaw is the location of wind plants. Most good wind sites are in rural areas, a long way from cities where electricity is most needed. Some minor, yet controversial problems include the noise that turbines create, aesthetic problems (views) and birds that die from flying into the propellers of the turbines. But fortunately, most of these problems have either been greatly reduced or resolved because of scientific advances. Flaws are being worked out constantly. You can find wind plants in windy places- areas near the water or valleys. Most people think that turbines block out and conceal the natural beauty of the places they are in, but I personally think that seeing the imposing, lean towers topped off with two or three long, swift blades is breathtaking. Since most wind power plants have many windmills, they look like giants lined up together. The fossil fuels we depend on today should be rationed. It is limited and pollutes the environment. Using renewable energy sources like wind power means that we can conserve oil, natural gas, and coal and instead use something environment friendly. I think that people should think of tomorrow and invest in wind energy.

Fat

Overall, the classification of vitamins is based on such a criterion as their solvability. One can distinguish two broad groups, in particular, fat-soluble vitamins such as A or E and water-soluble vitamins like folate or biotin (Grosvenor Smolin, 2012). Certainly, these organic compounds can be divided into other classes; for example, one can use such a criterion as the functions that they perform. However, the first approach is more widespread.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Fat-and Water-Soluble Vitamins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vitamins play a critical role for the growth and functioning of the body at various pre-natal and post-natal stages. For example, they are involved the chemical reactions that are vital for the formation of bones. In this case, one should speak primarily about vitamins D and K. In turn, its shortage of these chemical compounds can impair the development of a fetus. Secon dly, vitamins are necessary for normal blood-clotting (Insel, Ross, McMahon, Bernstein, 2010, p. 388). Apart from that, they are important for many cognitive functions such as memory or attention. For example, the shortage of B vitamins can impair the functioning of the brain. One should also remember that vitamins act as antioxidants that shield the organ from the detrimental effects of free radicals (Insel et al., 2010, p. 388). These examples indicate that these compounds are involved in various physiological processes. Overall, fat-soluble vitamins can be viewed as lipid-like molecules which can be solved in fat (Insel et al., 2010, p. 388). For instance, one can mention vitamins A, E, D, or K. These chemical substances can be derived from various types of food. For instance, vitamin A can be found in dairy products such as milk or butter. Additionally, fish is an important source of vitamins A and D. Moreover, vegetables like carrots or broccoli can contain fat-soluble vitamin s. These are some of the main sources that can be identified. One can also discuss the specific role of fat-soluble vitamins. For example, vitamin A performs such roles as gene transcription, bone metabolism, and anti-oxidation. Its deficiency can lead to such problems as hyperkeratosis, night-blindness, and keratomalacia (McClatchey, 2002, p. 444). In turn, the toxicity of vitamin A takes place when the intake exceeds 500,000 milligrams per day. Its overdose is associated with such symptoms as nausea, intracranial pressure, or muscle weakness (McClatchey, 2002, p. 444). These are the main detrimental effects that can be mentioned. Apart from that, one can speak about vitamin D. One of its roles is to activate the innate immune systems. Secondly, it reduces the risk of a cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, its deficiency is associated with such as disorder as rackets (McClatchey, 2002, p. 445). Provided that a person ingests excessive amount of this vitamin, he/she can develop hypo calcaemia (McClatchey, 2002, p. 445). This is the main toxic risk that should be taken into account.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, one should speak about water-soluble vitamins. They are stored in the watery compartments of different foods. One of their distinctions is that they do not require lipoprotein carriers (Insel et al., 2010, p. 388). This group includes vitamins of the B group, and vitamin C. These nutrients can be found in meat, vegetables such as avocados or broccoli, fish, and dairy products. One can provide several examples of examples of water-soluble vitamins. In particular, vitamin B1 or thiamine is related to various physiological activities such as carbohydrate metabolism, the transmission of electrolytes, or various enzyme processes. Among its major deficiency risks, one can distinguish Korsakoff’s syndrome or dry beriberi (McClatc hey, 2002, p. 445). It should be mentioned that the toxicity of thiamine is very low. However, the daily intake of this nutrient should not exceed 7000 milligrams per day, because this overdose can lead to headache and insomnia. In turn, riboflavin or vitamin B2 is important for the production of blood cells and body growth. Its deficiency is associated with such risks as anemia, cheilosis, or glossitis (McClatchey, 2002, p. 445). At present, researchers have not identified the toxic effect of this nutrient. Finally, one should speak about vitamin B3 which is also known as niacin. This organic compound performs several functions. In particular, it is involved in the production of the DNA. Secondly, it reduces the accumulation of plaque in the arteries. Moreover, it facilitates the reactions, which are necessary for the work of the digestive system. Its major deficiency risks include pellagra as well as dementia (McClatchey, 2002, p. 445). This vitamin can also become toxic, and its overdose can result in such problems as histamine release or pruritus (McClatchey, 2002, p. 445). Reference List Grosvenor, M. Smolin, L. A. (2012). Visualizing Nutrition: Everyday choices (2th  ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Fat-and Water-Soluble Vitamins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Insel, P., Ross, D., McMahon, K., Bernstein, M. (2010). Nutrition. New York, NY: Jones Bartlett Publishers. McClatchey, K. (2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. New York, NY: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. This assessment on Fat-and Water-Soluble Vitamins was written and submitted by user Imani Galloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Mary Todd Lincoln, Troubled First Lady

Biography of Mary Todd Lincoln, Troubled First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln (December 13, 1818–July 16, 1882) was the wife of President Abraham Lincoln. She became a figure of controversy and criticism during her time in the White House. After his death and the deaths of three of her children, she suffered great grief and was emotionally erratic. Fast Facts: Mary Todd Lincoln Known For:  Wife of Abraham Lincoln, she was a controversial first ladyAlso Known As: Mary Ann Todd LincolnBorn:  December 13, 1818  in Lexington, KentuckyParents: Robert Smith Todd and Eliza (Parker) ToddDied: July 16, 1882 in Springfield, IllinoisEducation: Shelby Female Academy, Madame Mantelles boarding schoolSpouse: Abraham LincolnChildren: Robert Todd Lincoln, Edward Baker Lincoln, William Willie Wallace Lincoln, Thomas Tad Lincoln  Ã‚  Notable Quote: I seem to be the scape-goat for both North and South. Early Life Mary Todd Lincoln was born on December 13, 1818, in Lexington, Kentucky. Her family was prominent in local society, at a time when Lexington was dubbed The Athens of the West. Mary Todds father, Robert Smith Todd, was a local banker with political connections. He had grown up near the estate of Henry Clay, a major figure in American politics in the early 19th century. When Mary was young, Clay often dined in the Todd household. In one often-told story, 10-year-old Mary rode to Clays estate one day to show him her new pony. He invited her inside and introduced the precocious girl to his guests. Mary Todds mother died when Mary was 6 years old, and when her father remarried Mary clashed with her stepmother. Perhaps to keep peace in the family, her father sent her away to the Shelby Female Academy, where she received 10 years of quality education at a time when education for women was not generally accepted in American life. One of Marys sisters had married the son of a former governor of Illinois and had moved to the state capital of Springfield. Mary visited her in 1837 and likely encountered Abraham Lincoln on that visit. Mary Todds Courtship With Abraham Lincoln Mary also settled in Springfield, where she made a major impression on the towns growing social scene. She was surrounded by suitors, including attorney Stephen A. Douglas, who would become Abraham Lincolns great political rival decades later. By late 1839, Lincoln and Mary Todd had become romantically involved, though the relationship had problems. There was a split between them in early 1841, but by late 1842 they had gotten back together, partly through their mutual interest in local political issues. Lincoln greatly admired Henry Clay. And he must have been impressed by the young woman who had known Clay in Kentucky. Marriage and Family of Abraham and Mary Lincoln Abraham Lincoln married Mary Todd on November 4, 1842. They took up residence in rented rooms in Springfield, but would eventually buy a small house. The Lincolns had four sons, three of whom died before adulthood: Robert Todd Lincoln was born on August 1, 1843. He was named for Marys father and would be the only Lincoln son to live to adulthood.Edward Baker Lincoln was born on March 10, 1846. Eddie became ill and died on February 1, 1850, weeks before his fourth birthday.William Wallace Lincoln was born on December 21, 1850. Willie became ill while living in the White House, perhaps because of polluted water. He died in the White House on February 20, 1862, at the age of 11.Thomas Lincoln was born on April 4, 1853. Known as Tad, he was a lively presence in the White House and Lincoln doted on him. He became ill, probably with tuberculosis, in Chicago and died there on July 15, 1871, at the age of 18. The years the Lincolns spent in Springfield are generally considered the happiest of Mary Lincolns life. Despite the loss of Eddie Lincoln and rumors of discord, the marriage seemed happy to neighbors and Marys relatives. At some point, animosity developed between Mary Lincoln and her husbands law partner William Herndon. He would later write scathing descriptions of her behavior, and much of the negative material associated with her seems to be based on Herndons biased observations. As Abraham Lincoln became more involved in politics, first with the Whig Party and later with the new Republican Party, his wife supported his efforts. Though she played no direct political role, in an era when women could not even vote she remained well-informed on political issues. Mary Lincoln as White House Hostess After Lincoln won the election of 1860, his wife became the most prominent White House hostess since Dolley Madison, the wife of President James Madison, decades earlier. Mary Lincoln was often criticized for spending too much money on White House furnishings and on her own clothing. She was also criticized for engaging in frivolous entertainments at a time of deep national crisis, but some defended her for trying to lift her husbands mood as well as the nations. Mary Lincoln was known to visit wounded Civil War soldiers and took an interest in various charitable endeavors. She went through her own very dark time, though, following the death of 11-year-old Willie Lincoln in an upstairs bedroom of the White House in February 1862. Lincoln feared that his wife had lost her sanity, as she went into a prolonged period of mourning. She also became very interested in spiritualism, a fad that first caught her attention in the late 1850s. She claimed to see ghosts wandering the halls of the White House and hosted seances. Lincolns Assassination On April 14, 1865, Mary Lincoln was seated beside her husband at Fords Theater when he was shot by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln, mortally wounded, was carried across the street to a rooming house, where he died the following morning. Mary Lincoln was inconsolable during the long overnight vigil, and according to most accounts, Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton had her removed from the room where Lincoln was dying. During the long period of national mourning, which included a lengthy traveling funeral that passed through northern cities, she was barely able to function. While millions of Americans participated in funeral observances in towns and cities throughout the country, she stayed in a bed in a darkened room in the White House. Her situation became very awkward as the new president, Andrew Johnson, could not move into the White House while she still occupied it. Finally, weeks after her husbands death, she left Washington and returned to Illinois. Troubled Later Years In many ways, Mary Lincoln never recovered from her husbands murder. She first moved to Chicago and began to exhibit seemingly irrational behavior. For a few years, she lived in England with her youngest son Tad. After returning to America, Tad Lincoln died and his mothers behavior became alarming to her oldest son Robert Todd, who took legal action to have her declared insane. A court placed her in a private sanatorium, but she went to court and was able to have herself declared sane. Death Suffering from a number of physical ailments, Mary Lincoln sought treatment in Canada and New York City and eventually returned to Springfield. She spent the final years of her life as a virtual recluse and died on July 16, 1882, at the age of 63. She was buried beside her husband in Springfield. Legacy A well-educated and well-connected woman from a prominent Kentucky family, Mary Todd Lincoln was an unlikely partner for Lincoln, who had come from humble frontier roots. She is known mostly for the great losses she suffered in her lifetime and the emotional instability that resulted. Sources â€Å"The Life Of Mary Todd Lincoln.†Ã‚  eHistory.Turner, Justin G., and Linda Levitt Turner.  Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters. From International Publishing Corporation, 1987

Collage Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collage Reflection - Essay Example I chose this mixture of quotes, wise sayings, songs, poems, and book excerpts to symbolize who I am as a person. My true identity has been shaped by my childhood experiences, and my goals and dreams that I am still living out. Ever since I can remember, my fondest dream and goal in life has been to attend college. Early on I realized how much of a struggle it would be to gain entry into a top university in the United States, but that did not derail my efforts. In the words of Winston Churchill, â€Å"Never, never, never give up† (Never Give Up Quotes). This quote is in my collage because it defines my struggle to keep going and my desire to push through any obstacle that my come my way. My passion is finance. I want to be a successful leader in business so that I can help mentor others and inspire to them succeed as well. I have a passion and drive in me to do this that will not go away. The quote by Li Shing that begins â€Å"The future may be made up of many factors, but where it truly lies is in the hearts and minds of men† certainly epitomizes my belief in this area (Passion Quotes). My dedication is truly not for my own gain, but is based on a love for people and my country. The reason I chose to put this particular quote in red in because it symbolizes passion. Passion is a burning desire to do something. It is a goal and dream that I cannot rest from until it is realized. In addition, this passion was instilled in me from an early age. The quote ‘Will you join the dance?† (Carroll 1992) reflects my childhood.... I chose this mixture of quotes, wise sayings, songs, poems, and book excerpts to symbolize who I am as a person. My true identity has been shaped by my childhood experiences, and my goals and dreams that I am still living out. Ever since I can remember, my fondest dream and goal in life has been to attend college. Early on I realized how much of a struggle it would be to gain entry into a top university in the United States, but that did not derail my efforts. In the words of Winston Churchill, â€Å"Never, never, never give up† (Never Give Up Quotes). This quote is in my collage because it defines my struggle to keep going and my desire to push through any obstacle that my come my way. My passion is finance. I want to be a successful leader in business so that I can help mentor others and inspire to them succeed as well. I have a passion and drive in me to do this that will not go away. The quote by Li Shing that begins â€Å"The future may be made up of many factors, but wh ere it truly lies is in the hearts and minds of men† certainly epitomizes my belief in this area (Passion Quotes). My dedication is truly not for my own gain, but is based on a love for people and my country. The reason I chose to put this particular quote in red in because it symbolizes passion. Passion is a burning desire to do something. It is a goal and dream that I cannot rest from until it is realized. In addition, this passion was instilled in me from an early age. The quote ‘Will you join the dance?† (Carroll 1992) reflects my childhood. From an early age, I have desired to do something more with my life and I did dream about this as the days went by. I want to a positive force for change in whatever I do, so I certainly do intend

Cleveland Clinic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cleveland Clinic - Case Study Example The weaknesses at Cleveland Clinic are all centered around communication. I would recommend the Clinic institute a program that can address all three weaknesses by enhancing the communication skills of the staff. Information and education should center on fully informing patients of not only procedures, but also options and prognosis. This would go hand in hand with addressing the problem of failing to respect patients preferences. Part of this may be due to a lack of sensitivity to the patient's perceptions of treatment. Both these issues are rooted in a failure to communicate fully. The Clinic also needs to be pro-active in obtaining permission to discuss the patient's medical situation with select family and friends. This will require additional training for the staff to promote a policy of communicating with families. A policy would need to be drawn up that specifies what information is appropriate to share and when it is deemed a positive step. The "Patients First" policy has been successful on an individual and anecdotal basis. This is reflected in their high score on patient comfort. However, they have not been successful at communication the program to the patients and the families. Cleveland Clinic needs to move the policy beyond patient comfort and involve the patient in the medical decisions and treatment. Cl 4. The CC included peer evaluation in the annual evaluation of physicians. Do you think peer evaluation should be used with the nursing and other professional staff, what about 360 degree evaluation Cleveland Clinic can benefit greatly from peer evaluations. This is especially true in the team environment that they work in. Nurses share similar duties and responsibilities within the team, and the other members work closely with the team. Because of this, the nurses have a greater knowledge of performance than most members of supervision or management do. The idea of a 360 degree evaluation would not be appropriate for Cleveland Clinic. Due to the specialized nature of the specialty clinics and the team approach, input from outside these circles would not be helpful and may be misinformed. Criticism, as well as praise, could be misplaced due to the halo effect or the proximity of other team members affecting the evaluation. 5. In the Ohio market the CC appeared to be vertically and horizontally integrated. Was that part of their success, and was this part of the failure of the

The Robot in the Crib Essay Example for Free

The Robot in the Crib Essay 1) The background or motivation for the study, and the authors’ hypotheses or expectations. One’s life is the distance that one covers from the womb to the tomb. It is the mammoth journey, the joint efforts of about 500million sperm. They travel through the vagina, move to the uterus and reach the fallopian tube. Since sperm have a sense of smell, they smell their way to the egg. When egg and sperm merge and become one, conception takes place. ..And this is the beginning of enquiry, for a set of individuals that are outside the womb-the brain scientists/the developmental psychologists! The growth of two separate yet one consciousnesses, one growing within the other, is the marvel of nature, which is the concern of scientists for investigation. The actual study related to the subject of this article is the post-womb growth of the child, when it comes out after completing the nine month’s journey within. Research has revealed that human beings develop the capacity to understand other’s intentions during early in the first year of life. The developmental scientists lay emphasis of the brilliance of little minds and caution not to underestimate the brain capacity of the babies. It has been observed that the newborn babies, 42 minute old, imitate facial expressions. Stick your tongue out and see that the baby sticking its tongue out. This behavior is the pointer to something intense and deep within. The baby knows more than what you imagine it to know. Why and how the infants behave the way they do? Will roboticsts be able to match and reproduce the movements and talents related to various expressions of infants accurately? This is the prime motivation for research by the Developmental Psychologists. 2) A brief description of the participants, procedure, and methods: What is fundamental to human thought is the ability to read the intentions of other people. Not the physical motions involved, but the goals or intentions that cause these motions are important. Initially, infants’ action is that of grasping. Secondly even when the baby does not physically act on, it has the foundation for understanding when others attend to objects. To cite an example, when a person opens the lid of a box, the baby becomes aware that the goal is not the box, but the object inside the box. Further developments will provide the foundation, the initiative to learn from their caregivers. During the second year, children adopt critical abilities, like language, culturally appropriate behavior etc. They constantly observe the adults and try to emulate them. â€Å"Developmental psychologists have dedicated significant effort to studying the developmental progression of infant imitation skills, because imitation underlies the infant’s ability to understand and learn from his or her social environment.†(Demirisa†¦.) This has been an ideal issue for the roboticsts to intervene and make efforts to equip robots with the ability to observe and emulate human actions. The abilities acquired thus, will equip robots to observe and imitate human actions, paving way for rapid teaching of robots to perform specified tasks. Therefore the analysis relates two fronts. â€Å": (a) initial conditions what is innate in infants, and what functionality is initially given to robots, and (b) Developmental mechanism how does the performance of infants improve over time, and what mechanisms are given to robots to achieve equivalent behavior.†(Demirisa†¦.) The Development of Inverse and Forward Models is another set of model that makes detailed study of infant responses vs. their application in the science of roboticsts, but the child always proves smarter and leaves the robot stranded. Another important theory is the Emotion Theory. Here the mechanism employed is to give the robot with rich, recurring enforcement through emotive channels of communication. This theory offers explanations and possible solutions to the associated questions like how the robot can learn to associate the emotive content on the caretaker’s face with immediate stimulus conditions and action. 3) The main results and important points in the authors’ discussion. The important points in the author’s discussion are the Nature vs. the Nature debate in the natural sciences. The simple tasks performed by the child are very complex from the point t of view of getting them done through robot. It is unanimously agreed that tabula rasa algorithms for robot learning are not going to provide the desired results. It is not practicable to pre-impose designer’s own conceptions on the control structure of robot. â€Å"Imitation, which is seen as a fundamental avenue of learning in humans has been proposed as a promising method for a compromise between the two approaches. The robot architecture is designed to adapt in order to benefit from other agents’ knowledge; imitation can be used as a mechanism of learning for the robot in human and robot societies.†(Demirisa†¦)Human infants are the subject of study by the developmental scientists for more than a century, by observation and experimental techniques. Their issue was simple and direct. With what capabilities the infants are born and how these develop over the period with experience and time. Imitation is one of the important factors. Soon the infants transcend the imitate-the-actions stage and grasp the underlying intentions and goals of demonstrators. Developmental studies of infant imitation skills are the foundation for roboticsts new algorithms. It provides the method for transferring skills from humans to robots 4) In addition, you are required to provide your OWN critique (and not one that was provided by the author/s), which may include problems with any aspect of the study (and how these problems/issues can be addressed), and/or suggestions for future research (if you are suggesting a future study, try to be as specific as possible). Robotics has made tremendous strides but there can never be a perfect robot of an infant. Many things can be achieved, there can be a good robot, but the ultimate robot will never be commissioned. For, robot is the mind product, and the infant is beyond-the-mind product. The knowledge of the robot is pre-programmed, but not that of infants. The comparison between infants and the related robots is as good as comparing the original currency with the devalued currency if not the duplicate one. The infants’ situation is mostly unclear and unpredictable. Infants do observe others to get some of their goals. But they also act with their own intuition and inspiration and perform random acts, which baffle their elders. They have their own special source, the incomparable one, of motivation, for which no precedent exists. So, the original question remains the original question! There can never be a complete robot—but all infants are complete. Every infant is original. For its response follows a pattern known only to it. It has no precedents. Model-based approach to the issue will continue to be researched and modified and the state of finality and perfection can never be reached. Developmental psychology, however, offers infinite possibilities for study and research. The infants are integrated personalities-their traits are that of Commander and soldiers integrated into one. In the role of a commander, the infant will assert its wish, as a soldier will exhibit discipline by obeying the command. This is an unpredictable issue and that is the problem of robticsts, which eludes the solution so far. New issues surface. For example, hierarchical formulations have been proposed and used. This is an interesting area for research with limitless possibilities. The technological advancement and the impact of the TV culture is going to affect the infant responses and the robot designers need to do overtime, to study and understand the implications. Infant development is an extraordinary process, as for brain and behavior. It is the culmination of thousands of experiences each day that happen—their intensity increases as babies move independently and explore their own world. The actions and functions of the robots can only be consequential.

Free Song of Solomon Essays: Erotica :: Song Solomon essays

Erotica in Song of Solomon The use of erotica can be seen very clearly in the "Song of Solomon". First of all, one must keep in mind that it comes from the bible so one will not here vulgar things or even words that you know are directly talking about sex. However, if you read closely, you can here the implicit remarks that these young lovers seems to be making, not only about each others body, but also about what each would like to do with the other. The first time that the male of the genre talks about his lover he describes her physical attributes. The most obvious is the description of her breast in which he says, "Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins"(7:3). When you here this statement one can only think that he is referring to her large perky (since she says young) perfectly round breast. When he talks about his lovers thighs, he not only praises them, he describes what the very most upper part of his lovers thighs look like: "the joints of thy thighs are like jewels"(7:1). One can only ask the question of how would this person know about someone's most upper part of their thigh, the part that is right next to the genitalia? This leaves much to the imagination. He also talks about her navel saying, "thy navel is like a round goblet, which wanteth not liquor"(7:2). When trying to interpret this quote, one must first keep in mind the fact that this is taking place during biblical times. During these times it was not proper for people to see, what was then looked at as X-rated parts of one another. Of course the exception to this rule would be if two people were married (or having an affair). So one can ask the question of how would this person know about the size and shape of another person's navel, which is hidden underneath everyday clothes? It seems not only does he know about its size and shape but also how it tastes. Again, the imagination of the reader is allowed to search the options. Not only is there sexual talk about physical appearances, but there is also talk about what will happen when the two of them are together alone. She is at one point looking for him and when she finds him she says that she held him and had him follow her and would not let go, ".

Hyundai Case Study Essay

Part I Overview 1. Time Context Mr. Muhammad Soeparno was appointed by thegovernment of Indonesia to succeed Mr. Lumenta as President Director of GarudaIndonesia Airways on January 6, 1988. He had to announce his decision in frontof his head quarter’s employees during the monthly flag raising ceremony heldon the 17th of each month. Thus, the problem has to be solved on the 17thJanuary, 11 days after his inauguration. 2. Viewpoint From the first place, the problem was aroused fromthe new President Director of the company. And the person who has the abilityand authority to solve the problem was Mr. Muhammad Soeparno. 3. Major Policy Statement Garuda Indonesia Airways was an airline company. Itwas the first airline company in Indonesia and was reported as the biggest inthe Southern Hemisphere. And since it was owned by the government of Indonesia,its basic goal is to support the success of the development of airtransportation and tourism of the country. 4. Background of the Case Garuda Indonesia Airways was able to operate infull swing March 1, 1950 since the historical time an aircraft bearing theIndonesian flag crossed the skies carrying the name of Indonesian Airway. Itsflight network continued to expand encompassing all of Indonesia, Singapore,Bangkok, manila and was able to establish routes reaching Europe and Tokyo. Garuda continued to grow and gradually beganreplacing their propellered aircraft with full jets. In 1960’s, Garuda had beenthe only airline operating the domestic routes. However, such monopoly positionhad failed to help the company to grow because the Indonesian economy had beendeteriorating during that decade. In 1966, the New Order Government took over Garuda(Soekarno) as it was going through difficult times and was unable to contributetowards national development. The result was a sustained period of high growthin the economy. The oil boom in the early 1970’s generated a highereconomic growth for Indonesia and for this in turn sustained passengers growthfor Garuda. In 1979, the improvement works are done on runways in majorairports (Supono). And by this time, Garuda experienced another breakdownbecause of its poor services and coincidence of almost simultaneous delivery ofairbuses and a decline to the number of passengers. And these problems wereresolved partly on 1984 (Lumenta). 5. Environment Analysis A. SWOT Analysis Strengths  · Garuda Indonesiamonopolizes the use of jets  · It wasproclaimed as the biggest airline in the Southern Hemisphere  · It has twosubsidiary companies, one providing airline catering in the three majorairports in Indonesia and the other running a chain of resort hotels.  · Garuda wasconsidered that has much below rates that offered by Asia’s more popularairlines like Singapore, Thai International, Japan or Cathay Pacific. Weaknesses  · Systems in allaspects: sales, preparation, flight, supervisory  · The risk ofhaving the magnitude of the debt servicing  · Inefficiency ofits international operations  · The company’sorganization is still unsteady that makes the organizational behaviorincompetent in supporting the company Opportunities  · Political willof the government in tourism  · The still-abundant-availableseat capacity  · The economicgrowth of Indonesia Threats  · The moreincreasing competition  · The uncertaineconomic situation  · The bureaucracywhich still caused problems in managing company professionalism B. CompetitorAnalysis The directcompetitors of Garuda are Singapore, Thai International, Japan and CathayPacific Airlines. These airlines are more popular than Garuda and offer alittle higher cost than Garuda. They render services better. 6. Present Company Departmental Plans A. Product Planningand Development- expansion of flight network and improvement works on airportsand runways B. Market Planning-it serves for all passengers C. FinancialPlanning- no definite financial planning presented D. ProductionPlanning- it acquires new equipments and aircrafts by buying E. ManpowerPlanning- good performance of the staff F. Organizationalplanning- good implementation of strategies Part II Problem Resolution 1. Background of the Problem It was in 1981 that Garuda proclaimed as thebiggest airline in the Southern Hemisphere and has reported a net loss of U.S.$ 46 million for the year ended December 1983 leaving Mr. R.A.J. Lumenta, thenew President of Garuda, debts amounting to U.S. $ 1.3 billion at 12% interestper annum. Mr. Lumenta adopted a strategic thinking in making plans to turn thecompany’s situation around including Garuda’s lack of competitiveness inservice, visibility and distribution. And so, he almost did, and then he was replacedby Mr. Mohammad Soeparno. 2. Statement of the Problem How would Mr. Mohammad Soeparno maintain Mr.Lumenta’s eager in resolving the company’s problem which would enhance thecompany’s ability to deal with the challenges it may face during his term andbeyond? 3. Statement of Objectives The company, after addressing the root problemshould achieve and expect the following objectives: a. To improveGaruda Indonesia’s internal control especially in policy of setting a newmanagement team of the company. b. To develop thecompany’s plans in addressing the maintenance stability of the company. c. To be moreresponsive to the market demands and to be adept to adapting those changes. d. To keep ahead ofthe competition intoday’s age of modern air travel. 4. Areas of Consideration The areas of consideration in solving the probleminclude the history of the company’s management and their standing under eachmanagement, the outside environment of the company and their competitors. 5. Alternative Courses of Action A. Mr. Mohammad Soeparnoshould continue the policies what Mr. R.A.J. Lumenta has contributed as aresponse to the increasing uncertainties of the company. B. Mr. MohammadSoeparno should formulate a new set of policies for the company to attest hisworth as the new president of the company. C. Mr. MohammadSoeparno should decline from the position. 6. Analysis of the Alternatives A. Continuation ofthe Policies Advantages  · There is a less possibilityof risk because the policies are proven to be effective.  · Mr. Soeparnowould be tested to flexibility since the policies were not his own.  · The policieswere already given the company a good response on the uncertainties in and outof the company. Disadvantages  · The existingpolicies might not be successful to be carried out by Mr. Soeparno.  · There might be agap between his understanding about the policies and the understanding of theperson who originally formulated them. B. Formulation ofNew Policies Advantages  · Mr. Soeparnowould prove that he was worth of the position he was given.  · Formulation ofnew set of policies means that there is a chance of gaining more respect fromthe company organization. Disadvantages  · The new set ofpolicies might not be effective as the old policies the company currently has.  · The company wasnot ready to for new set of policies. C. Declining fromthe Position Advantages  · Mr. Soeparnowould feel less responsibility in the company’s fate.  · Mr. Soeparnowould feel not pressured. Disadvantages  · Mr. Soeparnoshows that he is not competitive and not worthy of the position.  · Mr. Soeparnowould feel disappointment from the organization. 7. Decision Statement After analyzing the alternative courses of actionpresented above, it showed that the best was the first alternative. It isbecause aside from it generates more advantages than the others, it also showsthat the company has already been attached to it and the result was not onlygood but better. The existing policies managed the company to stand again fromits depression. The other two alternatives were also be solutions but they areonly getting the company into risk again. Part III Implementation Program 1. Action Plans A. Long-term ActionPlans a. Garuda’simprovement in implementing its strategy regarding its structure, system, style (leadership), staff andskill. b. Garudahas to keep up with the changes in the internel and external environment. B. Short-termAction Plans a. Sustenance of the policies to maintain theproductivity of the company. b. Improvement ofsome of the policies for more enhancement of the company’s productivity as awhole. 2. Proposed CompanyOperational Plans A. Product Planningand Development- periodically infrastructure improvements for better services B. Market Planning-it serves for all passengers and reach for them perfectly with high hospitality C. FinancialPlanning- sells theunproductive assets D. ProductionPlanning- it acquires new equipments and aircrafts by buying E. ManpowerPlanning- good training system will be conducted regularly for better outcomesfrom customers and organization F. Organizationalplanning- better implementation of the policies and strategies of the company 3. Other Problems and Proposed Solutions Other Problems Proposed Solutions Employee/Staff-Customer Relationship Garuda should have a good training system and have some strength in increasing customer satisfaction. Domestic Airline Competition Indonesia people still look at â€Å"price† as a determinant variable. So the lower price strategy that has been implemented by its competitor, the new comer firm could disturb Garuda market. Garuda could loose its loyal customer. So strategy that must be done by Garuda is by improving its quality service. Securiry Issue Garuda have to respond to the terrorist attacks by improving procedures and aircraft security to help restore travelers’ confidence. Even, it means price, but it is very useful for Garuda’s future. Safety and security is the most important thing that are needed by the passenger. Part1 Overview 1. Time Context The problem has to besolved in the year 1989. 2. Viewpoint Mr. Chung Ju Yung theowner of the Hyundai group has the ability and authority to solve the companyproblem. 3. Major PolicyStatement The Hyundai group featuredas one of the principal engines of the Korean economic miracle in the past twodecades. The Hyundai group makes a wide range of products- ships, bridges,cars, cement, steel and etc. They do not only prosper there in Korea but alsoin Middle East. They even gained praises from New York Times correspondent. 4. Background ofthe Case Company Hyundai Company wasfounded by Chung Ju Yung in 1967 and immediately partnered with the ford motorcompany to produce the Cortina compact car in 1968. Hyundai focused onmanufacturing quality economy cars and began exporting excel to the Unitedstates in 1986. Today Hyundai consistently ranks among the top quality importcars in the U.S. Hyundai group manufacture products such as ships,bridges, buildings, cars, cement, steel, chemicals, oil drilling platforms,microchips, sneakers, pipes, furniture and locomotives. In early 1980’s hedecided to make Hyundai a factor in the electronics industry, focusing at firston production of semiconductors. Later Hyundai become the largest automobilemanufacturer in Korea. For Hyundai to grow as an extension of its founder’spersonality it is not surprising that the management style in the organizationhad always been authoritarian. Industry Hyundai group covered all kinds of industry. Itis involved in ship building, construction of bridges, cars, otherinfrastructure, steel, cements, oil drilling platforms and even manufacturingof microchips and became the largest enterprise in South Korea. Management Theprojects and activities of Hyundai is headed by its owner Mr. Chung Ju Yung andmanaged by his surviving son Mr. Chung Mong Ku. It is also said that part ofthe private enterprises in Korea are open to the government, thus the presidentis also responsible for the management of Korea. 5. Environmental Analysis a. SWOT analysis Strengths 1. Strong Domestic Market 2. Good Quality of products 3. Cheap labor cost Weaknesses 1. Poor management style 2. Making poor investment decision Opportunities Middle East warm welcome to Hyundai gives them a good start in international business. The Government sees Hyundai with a good impression. Threats 1. The competitors of Hyundai have grown rapidly forthe past year. b. Competitor analysis The competitors ofHyundai Group are Samsung electronics and Lucky Gold star which had made asuccessful transition to large scale chip production. Hyundai Electronicsperformance had been a disappointment, losing $11.9 million. Rivals have largeelectronics subsidiaries. Another competitor of Hyundai is the Daewoo. Daewoois the supplier of the successful leading edge computer. 6. Present CompanyDepartmental Plans a. ProductPlanning and Development The Hyundai groupplanning to put their products to the construction of buildings. To Korea or toother countries. b. MarketPlanning The plan is designatedto domestic and foreign country. c. FinancialPlanning The financial is comefrom in the land of Chung Ju Yung. And from the help of the other business manwho helped him. d. ProductionPlanning Hyundai company doesnot only focus on production of cars but also other projects such as governmentconstruction of bridges, cars, ship building, other infrastructure, steel,cement, oil drilling platforms and even manufacturing of microchips. e. ManpowerPlanning Hyundai company hasseparate workers for car manufacturing for road construction. f. Organizational Planning Hyundai company isowned by Mr. Chung Ju Yung and managed by his surviving son Mr. Chung Mong Ku. Part2 ProblemResolution 1. Background of the problem The problem of HyundaiGroup was deemed to start in 1987 when it has experienced a loss of 11.9million dollars. They have invested in Silicon Valley project which was seen tobe a loss even at its proposition. Hyundai tried to jump to the productionsophisticated one-megabit dynamic random access memory chips instead ofpursuing the market for 256K. They are said to be not fully committed to hightechnology. They only see semiconductors just as an accessory but not assomething to be done because competitors are doing it. 2. Statement of the Problem Whatchanges in management style should the top management adopt to satisfy theneeds of the workers on strike and so as to break the series of uprising?3. Statement of Objectives Hyundai Group of companies would like to: Ø Ceasethe uprising of the employees of Hyundai Group. Ø Toregain the trust of the public to the firm especially to its chairman Mr.Chung. Ø Toget back the shattered hope of peace and unity among all nations that wascaused by Hyundai’s unpeaceful solution to the conflict. 4. Areas of Consideration  · In Korea, the private sector played animportant role in Korea’s economic development. They are interdependent with anumber of other forces such as government, economic and non economic factors. -Fulleighty percent of Korea’s economy is open and heavily dependent on theinternational economy. 5. Alternative Courses of Action Ø TheHyundai top management should amend their present â€Å"authoritarian† style of leadershipto another style which is more employee-friendly. Ø Hyundaishould just give the employees the increase in wage that they are demanding. Ø Fullydetach Hyundai from the government influences. 6. Analysis of Alternatives 1. The Hyundai topmanagement should amend their present â€Å"authoritarian† style of leadership toanother style which is more employee-friendly. Advantages:  · This would improve the relationship ofthe employee and the management subsequently. The daunting ways of the chairmanto the people will be eliminated.  · The trust and the confidence of theemployee of Hyundai would be recaptured by the management. Disadvantages:  · This would require great adjustment tothe part of employees also because almost all of the companies in Korea followauthoritarian type of management. 2. Hyundai should justgive the employees the increase in wage that they are demanding. Advantages:  · This alternative would terminate theuprising of the employees abruptly.  · This would create a better image for thecompany immediately. Disadvantages:  · The company is not sure if they cansuffice the financial needs if they would provide the increase in wages.  · This act will only tolerate theemployees. They will think that with a strike, they can easily get what theywant from the management. 3. Fully detach Hyundaifrom the government influences. Advantages:  · Hyundai will be free in deciding fortheir own.  · No one will hinder decision of themanagement Disadvantages:  · Hyundai will lose financial support  · Hyundai will lose much of its projects Decision statement Thebest alternative is alternative # 1.The Hyundai top management should amendtheir present â€Å"authoritarian† style of leadership to another style which ismore employee-friendly. In this way, the company would not require to spendmuch money but it would change its imageto the employees. Most of the time, the management forgot the needs andcapacity of the people. Now if they will try another style of leadership whichunderstands their employees. The employees would feel that they are loved andrespected by their management so theywill love and appreciate the work that they are doing. Part3 IMPLEMENTATIONPROGRAM 1. Action Plan †¢ Long-term Action Plans Tochange the management style of Hyundai so as to change its image to the publicand its employees. This way Hyundai will be able to regain its reputation tothe market. †¢ Short-Term Action Plans To stopthe uprising temporarily by the help of the government. The deployment of powerby the government will create an effect that would stop the uprising. 2.Proposed Company Operation Plans Product Planning and Development- Studies show that it’s muchbetter if Hyundai would focus on a certain venture and develop it. Market Planning They established good name in theMiddle East so it is better if they expand to another foreign country andestablish a new market there. Financial Planning Since they experience loss frompast, it is advisable for Hyundai to loan in banks. Production Planning Proper training should be givento the people in production department to come up with good quality products.  · Manpower Planning The management should know how toreinforce their employees. One of which is giving incentives and benefits.  · Organizational Planning Previousmanagement would still be the future component of organization. Other Problems and Proposed Solution Other Problem Solution  · The diversified needs and wants of employees Conduct survey or questionnaires regarding the employees wants and complaints about the management.

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